Influenza A Adalah

Influenza A Adalah. Flu atau influenza adalah infeksi sitem pernapasan bagian atas (yang terdiri dari hidung tenggorokan serta paruparu) yang biasanya merupakan infeksi virus Tanda dan gejala yang dialami biasanya bervariasi baik dari lamanya ataupun intensitasnya.

announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern The emergence and rapid spread of a novel influenza virus influenza A (H1N1) posed a pandemic threat On 11 June 2009 WHO declared that an influenza pandemic was underway (Phase 6) because sustained humantohuman transmission was occurring at the Author wallacejCreated Date 3/2/2011 85652 PM.

Flu Adalah? Tanda, Penyebab, Gejala, Cara Mengobati

Penyebab utama influenza adalah virus Ada sekitar 100 jenis virus yang menyebabkan influenza tersebut dan semuanya diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga tipe yaitu tipe A B dan C Mengutip dari Influenza yang disusun oleh A Spikler virus ditularkan melalui air liur terinfeksi yang keluar pada saat penderita batuk bersin atau melalui kontak langsung dengan sekresi (ludah air liur ingus) penderita.

Flu Gejala, penyebab dan mengobati Alodokter

Swine flu This is a type of influenza A virus found in pigs In 2009 a strain of flu virus known as H1N1 caused the respiratory infection in humans that was commonly referred to as swine flu It spread rapidly around the world and became a pandemic The 1918 flu pandemic was also caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus.

Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Influenza? Begini Jawabannya

The PathogenSigns and Symptoms in HumansEpidemiology of Human InfectionsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionPandemic PotentialWho ResponseThere are four types of influenza viruses types A B C and D 1 Influenza A viruses infect humans and many different animals The emergence of a new and very different influenza A virus with the ability infect people and have sustained human to human transmission can cause an influenza pandemic 2 Influenza B viruses circulates among humans and cause seasonal epidemics Recent data showed seals also can be infected 3 Influenza C viruses can infect both humans and pigs but infections are generally mild and are rarely reported 4 Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people Influenza type A virusesare of most significance to public health due to their potential to cause an influenza pandemic Influenza type A viruses are classified into subtypes according to the combinations of different virus surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) So far there are 18 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 11 different n Avian swine and other zoonotic influenza infections in humans may cause disease ranging from mild upper respiratory infection (fever and cough) to rapid progression to severe pneumonia acute respiratory distress syndrome shock and even death Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea vomiting and diarrhea has been reported more frequently in A(H5N1) infection Conjunctivitis has also been reported in influenza A(H7) Disease features such as the incubation period severity of symptoms and clinical outcome varies by the virus causing infection but mainly manifests with respiratory symptoms In many patients infected by A(H5) or A(H7N9) avian influenza viruses the disease has an aggressive clinical course Common initial symptoms are high fever (greater than or equal to 38°C) and cough followed by symptoms of lower respiratory tract involvement including dyspnoea or difficulty breathing Upper respiratory tract symptoms such as sore throat or coryza are less common Other symptoms In terms of transmission human infections with avian and other zoonotic influenza viruses though rare have been reported sporadically Human infections are primarily acquired through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments but do not result in efficient transmission of these viruses between people In 1997 human infections with the HPAI A(H5N1)virus were reported during an outbreak in poultry in Hong Kong SAR China Since 2003 this avian virus has spread from Asia to Europe and Africa and has become endemic in poultry populations in some countries Outbreaks have resulted in millions of poultry infections several hundred human cases and many human deaths The outbreaks in poultry have seriously impacted livelihoods the economy and international trade in affected countries Other avian influenza A(H5) subtype viruses have also resulted in both outbreaks in poultry and human infections In 2013 human infections with A(H7N9)virus were reported for Laboratory tests are required to diagnose human infection with zoonotic influenza WHO through its Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) periodically updates technical guidance protocols for the detection of zoonotic influenza in humans using molecular eg RTPCR and others methods Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) have lower sensitivity compared to PCR and their reliability depends largely on the conditions under which they are used Commercially available RDTs in general cannot provide subtype information RIDTs are sometimes used in clinical settings but their use in detection of zoonotic viruses is limited Adequate appropriate samples for influenza tests should be taken from patients and processed with diagnostics according to relevant guidance and protocols 1 Evidence suggests that some antiviral drugs notably neuraminidase inhibitor(oseltamivir zanamivir) can reduce the duration of viral replication and improve prospects of survival however ongoing clinical studies are needed Emergence of oseltamivir resistance has been reported 1 In suspected and confirmed cases neuraminidase inhibitors should be prescribed as soon as possible (ideally within 48 hours following symptom onset) to maximize therapeutic benefits However given the significant mortality currently associated with A(H5) and A(H7N9) subtype virus infections and evidence of prolonged viral replication in these diseases administration of the drug should also be considered in patients presenting later in the course of illness 2 Treatment is recommended for a minimum of 5 days but can be extended until there is satisfactory clinical improvement 3 Corticosteroids should not be used routinely unless indicated for other reasons (eg asthma and other specific conditio Apart from antiviral treatment the public health management includes personal protective measureslike 1 Regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands 2 Good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing using tissues and disposing of them correctly 3 Early selfisolation of those feeling unwell feverish and having other symptoms of influenza 4 Avoiding close contact with sick people 5 Avoiding touching one’s eyes nose or mouth Health care workers preforming aerosol generating procedures should use airborne precautions Standard contact and droplet precautions and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be made available and used during epidemics Travelers to countries and people living in countries with known outbreaks of avian influenza should if possible avoid poultry farms contact with animals in live poultry markets entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered and contact with any surfaces that appear to be conta Influenza pandemics are epidemics that affect a large proportion of the world due to a novel virus Pandemics are unpredictable but recurring events that can have health economic and social consequences worldwide An influenza pandemic occurs when a novel influenza virus emerges with the ability to cause sustained humantohuman transmission and the human population has little to no immunity against the virus With the growth of global travel a pandemic can spread rapidly globally with little time to prepare a public health response Ongoing circulation of some avian influenza viruses in poultry such as A(H5) and A(H7) viruses are of public health concern as these viruses cause severe disease in humans and the viruses have the potential to mutate to increase transmissibility among humans To date although humantohuman transmission of these viruses is thought to have occurred in some instances when there had been close or prolonged contact with a patient there has been no s WHO in its capacity for providing leadership on global health matters continuously monitors avian and other zoonotic influenza viruses closely through its Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) WHO in collaboration with the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) conducts surveillance at the humananimal interface assesses the associated risks and coordinates response to zoonotic influenza outbreaks and other threats to public health Based on risk assessment WHO provides guidance develops and adjusts surveillance preparedness and response strategies to influenza – seasonal zoonotic and pandemic influenza and communicates timely risk assessment outcomes and intervention recommendations with Member States to enhance preparedness and response nationally and globally (1) Control of Communicable Diseases Manual 20th Edition American Public Health Association (2015) APHA Press Washington DC ISBN 9780.